How to resolve the algorithm 21 game step by step in the Python programming language
Published on 12 May 2024 09:40 PM
How to resolve the algorithm 21 game step by step in the Python programming language
Table of Contents
Problem Statement
21 is a two player game, the game is played by choosing a number (1, 2, or 3) to be added to the running total. The game is won by the player whose chosen number causes the running total to reach exactly 21. The running total starts at zero. One player will be the computer. Players alternate supplying a number to be added to the running total.
Write a computer program that will:
Let's start with the solution:
Step by Step solution about How to resolve the algorithm 21 game step by step in the Python programming language
First Python script (text version):
This Python script simulates a basic game of "21" between a computer and a human player. The goal of the game is to reach 21 without going over.
Detailed Explanation:
- Module Import: The script starts by importing the
randommodule to generate random numbers. start()Function: This function sets up the initial parameters of the game, including the game count, round number, and starting player. It enters a game loop that continues as long as the game count is less than 21.select_count()Function: This function selects a random number between 1 and 3 if the game count is less than 18. If the game count is greater than or equal to 18, it chooses the number that will bring the game count exactly to 21.request_count()Function: This function prompts the human player to enter a number between 1 and 3. It loops until a valid input is received or the player enters "q" to quit.- Game Loop: The game loop alternates between the computer and the player selecting numbers. After each selection, the game count is updated, and the game loop checks if the game count has exceeded 21. If the game count reaches 21, the game is over, and the winning player is determined.
- Score Tracking: The script keeps track of the number of wins for both the computer and the human player.
- Main Loop: The script enters a main loop that allows the user to play multiple games. After each game, the user is prompted to play another game or quit.
Second Python script (GUI version):
This Python script is a graphical user interface (GUI) version of the "21" game using Tkinter. It has similar functionality to the text version but provides a user-friendly interface.
Detailed Explanation:
- Class Definition: The script defines a
Gameclass that encapsulates the game logic. - Graphical Interface: The class's constructor creates the GUI elements, including:
- Top frame with title, play, and quit buttons
- Bottom frame with scoreboard, player controls, and messages
play_game()Method: This method starts a new game, randomly selects the starting player, and initializes the game loop.puter_plays()anduser_plays()Methods: These methods handle the computer's and player's turns, respectively.submit()Method: This method is called when the player clicks the submit button, indicating their number selection.set_user_state()Method: This method enables or disables the player control radio buttons depending on the game state.quit_game()Method: This method quits the game when the "Quit Game" button is clicked.
Main Loop: The script runs a main loop that allows the user to play multiple games.
Source code in the python programming language
from random import randint
def start():
game_count=0
print("Enter q to quit at any time.\nThe computer will choose first.\nRunning total is now {}".format(game_count))
roundno=1
while game_count<21:
print("\nROUND {}: \n".format(roundno))
t = select_count(game_count)
game_count = game_count+t
print("Running total is now {}\n".format(game_count))
if game_count>=21:
print("So, commiserations, the computer has won!")
return 0
t = request_count()
if not t:
print('OK,quitting the game')
return -1
game_count = game_count+t
print("Running total is now {}\n".format(game_count))
if game_count>=21:
print("So, congratulations, you've won!")
return 1
roundno+=1
def select_count(game_count):
'''selects a random number if the game_count is less than 18. otherwise chooses the winning number'''
if game_count<18:
t= randint(1,3)
else:
t = 21-game_count
print("The computer chooses {}".format(t))
return t
def request_count():
'''request user input between 1,2 and 3. It will continue till either quit(q) or one of those numbers is requested.'''
t=""
while True:
try:
t = raw_input('Your choice 1 to 3 :')
if int(t) in [1,2,3]:
return int(t)
else:
print("Out of range, try again")
except:
if t=="q":
return None
else:
print("Invalid Entry, try again")
c=0
m=0
r=True
while r:
o = start()
if o==-1:
break
else:
c+=1 if o==0 else 0
m+=1 if o==1 else 0
print("Computer wins {0} game, human wins {1} games".format(c,m))
t = raw_input("Another game?(press y to continue):")
r = (t=="y")
''' Python 3.6.5 code using Tkinter graphical user interface.
Starting player chosen randomly. '''
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import messagebox
import random
# ************************************************
class Game:
def __init__(self, gw):
self.window = gw
self.won = 0
self.lost = 0
self.score = 0
self.puter_turn = None
self.var123 = IntVar()
self.varsub = IntVar()
# top frame:
self.top_fr = Frame(gw,
width=600,
height=100,
bg='dodger blue')
self.top_fr.pack(fill=X)
self.hdg = Label(self.top_fr,
text=' 21 Game ',
font='arial 22 bold',
fg='navy',
bg='lemon chiffon')
self.hdg.place(relx=0.5, rely=0.5,
anchor=CENTER)
self.play_btn = Button(self.top_fr,
text='Play\nGame',
bd=5,
bg='navy',
fg='lemon chiffon',
font='arial 12 bold',
command=self.play_game)
self.play_btn.place(relx=0.92, rely=0.5,
anchor=E)
self.quit_btn = Button(self.top_fr,
text='Quit\nGame',
bd=5,
bg='navy',
fg='lemon chiffon',
font='arial 12 bold',
command=self.quit_game)
self.quit_btn.place(relx=0.07, rely=0.5,
anchor=W)
# bottom frame:
self.btm_fr = Frame(gw,
width=600,
height=500,
bg='lemon chiffon')
self.btm_fr.pack(fill=X)
self.msg = Label(self.btm_fr,
text="(Click 'Play' or 'Quit')",
font='arial 16 bold',
fg='navy',
bg='lemon chiffon')
self.msg.place(relx=0.5, rely=0.1,
anchor=CENTER)
self.hdg = Label(self.btm_fr,
text="Scoreboard",
font='arial 16 bold',
fg='navy',
bg='lemon chiffon')
self.hdg.place(relx=0.5, rely=0.2,
anchor=CENTER)
self.score_msg = Label(self.btm_fr,
text="0",
font='arial 16 bold',
fg='navy',
bg='dodger blue',
width=8)
self.score_msg.place(relx=0.5, rely=0.27,
anchor=CENTER)
self.ch_fr = LabelFrame(self.btm_fr,
text='Choose a number',
bg='dodger blue',
fg='navy',
bd=8,
relief=RIDGE,
font='arial 16 bold')
self.ch_fr.place(relx=0.5, rely=0.5,
anchor=CENTER)
self.radio1 = Radiobutton(self.ch_fr,
text='1',
state='disabled',
font='arial 16 bold',
fg='navy',
bg='dodger blue',
variable=self.var123,
value=1)
self.radio1.pack()
self.radio2 = Radiobutton(self.ch_fr,
text='2',
state='disabled',
font='arial 16 bold',
fg='navy',
bg='dodger blue',
variable=self.var123,
value=2)
self.radio2.pack()
self.radio3 = Radiobutton(self.ch_fr,
text='3',
state='disabled',
font='arial 16 bold ',
fg='navy',
bg='dodger blue',
variable=self.var123,
value=3)
self.radio3.pack()
self.submit_btn = Button(self.btm_fr,
text='SUBMIT',
state='disabled',
bd=5,
bg='navy',
fg='lemon chiffon',
font='arial 12 bold',
command=self.submit)
self.submit_btn.place(relx=0.5, rely=0.75,
anchor=CENTER)
self.won_lbl = Label(self.btm_fr,
text="Won: 0",
font='arial 16 bold',
fg='navy',
bg='lemon chiffon')
self.won_lbl.place(relx=0.85, rely=0.88,
anchor=W)
self.lost_lbl = Label(self.btm_fr,
text="Lost: 0",
font='arial 16 bold',
fg='navy',
bg='lemon chiffon')
self.lost_lbl.place(relx=0.85, rely=0.93,
anchor=W)
# play one game:
def play_game(self):
self.play_btn.config(state='disabled')
# pick who goes first randomly:
self.puter_turn = random.choice([True, False])
self.score = 0
self.score_msg.config(text=self.score)
if not self.puter_turn:
m = 'your turn'
self.msg.config(text=m)
# alternate turns until 21 is reached:
while self.score != 21:
if self.puter_turn:
self.puter_plays()
else:
self.user_plays()
self.puter_turn = not self.puter_turn
self.play_btn.config(state='normal')
return
# computer picks a number:
def puter_plays(self):
if self.score == 20:
x = 1
elif self.score == 19:
x = random.choice([1, 2])
else:
x = random.choice([1, 2, 3])
self.score += x
self.score_msg.config(text=self.score)
if self.score == 21:
m = 'Computer won!'
self.lost += 1
self.lost_lbl.config(text='Lost: ' + str(self.lost))
else:
m = 'Computer chose ' + str(x) + ', your turn'
self.msg.config(text=m)
return
# user picks a number:
def user_plays(self):
self.set_user_state('normal')
while True:
# wait for submit button to be pressed:
self.submit_btn.wait_variable(self.varsub)
x = self.var123.get()
if x + self.score > 21:
m = 'Score cannot exceed 21, try again'
messagebox.showerror('Error', m)
elif x not in (1,2,3):
m = 'No selection made'
messagebox.showerror('Error', m)
else:
break
self.score += x
if self.score == 21:
m = 'You won!'
self.msg.config(text=m)
self.score_msg.config(text=self.score)
self.won += 1
self.won_lbl.config(text='Won: ' + str(self.won))
# reset and disable radio buttons:
self.var123.set(0)
self.set_user_state('disabled')
return
# set radio buttons to 'disabled' or 'normal':
def set_user_state(self, state):
self.radio1.config(state=state)
self.radio2.config(state=state)
self.radio3.config(state=state)
self.submit_btn.config(state=state)
return
def quit_game(self):
self.window.destroy()
# indicate that submit button was pressed:
def submit(self):
self.varsub.set(0)
# ************************************************
root = Tk()
root.title('21 Game')
root.geometry('600x600+100+50')
root.resizable(False, False)
g = Game(root)
root.mainloop()
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