Step by Step solution about How to resolve the algorithm Bulls and cows step by step in the Mathematica/Wolfram Language programming language

Explanation:

The code is a game of Bulls and Cows, where the user has to guess a four-digit code generated by the computer. The game provides hints to the user in the form of "bulls" and "cows":

• Bulls: The number of digits that are correct and in the correct position.
• Cows: The number of digits that are correct but in the wrong position.

Detailed Breakdown:

1. digits: The code generates a random four-digit code using FixedPointList. This ensures that the generated code has distinct digits.

2. codes: The character codes of the digits in the generated code are stored in codes as a list.

3. While loop: The code enters a While loop that continues until the user breaks out by entering $Canceled.

4. User input: Inside the loop, the user is prompted to input a guess. If the user cancels the input by pressing Ctrl+C or Ctrl+Z, the loop breaks out.

5. Guess evaluation: The character codes of the user's guess are stored in userCodes. The code then checks if userCodes matches codes. If they match, the game ends with a message indicating that the user guessed correctly.

6. Bulls and cows calculation: If userCodes does not match codes, the code checks if the lengths of both lists are equal. If they are not, the user is prompted to enter a four-digit guess.

7. Bulls and cows printing: If the lengths of userCodes and codes are equal, the code calculates the number of bulls and cows. It does this by subtracting userCodes from codes and counting the number of occurrences of 0. This gives the number of correct digits in the correct position (bulls). The number of cows is calculated as the intersection of codes and userCodes minus the number of bulls.

8. Game continues: Finally, the code prints the user's guess followed by the number of bulls and cows. The loop continues until the user breaks out by guessing correctly or canceling the input.

digits=Last@FixedPointList[If[Length@Union@#==4,#,Table[Random[Integer,{1,9}],{4}]]&,{}]
codes=ToCharacterCode[StringJoin[ToString/@digits]];
Module[{r,bulls,cows},
	While[True,
	r=InputString[];
	If[r===$Canceled,Break[],
		With[{userCodes=ToCharacterCode@r},
		If[userCodes===codes,Print[r<>": You got it!"];Break[],
			If[Length@userCodes==Length@codes,
				bulls=Count[userCodes-codes,0];cows=Length@Intersection[codes,userCodes]-bulls;
				Print[r<>": "<>ToString[bulls]<>"bull(s), "<>ToString@cows<>"cow(s)."],
				Print["Guess four digits."]]]]]]]