Problem Statement

Create a list of ten functions, in the simplest manner possible   (anonymous functions are encouraged),   such that the function at index   i   (you may choose to start   i   from either   0   or   1),   when run, should return the square of the index,   that is,   i 2. Display the result of running any but the last function, to demonstrate that the function indeed remembers its value.

Demonstrate how to create a series of independent closures based on the same template but maintain separate copies of the variable closed over. In imperative languages, one would generally use a loop with a mutable counter variable. For each function to maintain the correct number, it has to capture the value of the variable at the time it was created, rather than just a reference to the variable, which would have a different value by the time the function was run. See also: Multiple distinct objects

Let's start with the solution:

procedure main(args)                                      # Closure/Variable Capture
    every put(L := [], vcapture(1 to 10))                 # build list of index closures
    write("Randomly selecting L[",i := ?*L,"] = ",L[i]()) # L[i]() calls the closure
end
    
# The anonymous 'function', as a co-expression.  Most of the code is standard 
# boilerplate needed to use a co-expression as an anonymous function.

procedure vcapture(x)             # vcapture closes over its argument 
   return makeProc { repeat { (x[1]^2) @ &source } }  
end

procedure makeProc(A)             # the makeProc PDCO from the UniLib Utils package
    return (@A[1], A[1])
end