Step by Step solution about How to resolve the algorithm Conditional structures step by step in the Java programming language

The provided code demonstrates various conditional statements and control flow constructs in Java.

1. if-else Statements:

   • The code uses if-else statements to execute different code blocks based on the value of s.
   • If s equals "Hello World", it calls foo(), and if it equals "Bye World", it calls bar(). Otherwise, it calls deusEx().

2. Short-Circuit Logical Operators (&&, ||):

   • The condition if (obj != null && obj.foo()) uses the && operator (logical AND), which checks if both conditions are true. Only if both are true will the aMethod() be called.
   • In contrast, the condition if (obj != null & obj.foo()) uses the & operator (bitwise AND), which always evaluates both conditions regardless of whether the first one is false.

3. Ternary Operator (? :):

   • The expression s.equals("Hello World") ? foo() : bar(); uses the ternary operator to conditionally execute foo() or bar() based on the value of s.

4. Ternary Expression with Value Assignment:

   • The expression Object newValue = s.equals("Hello World") ? a : b; assigns the value a or b to newValue based on the value of s.

5. switch-case Statement:

   • The switch statement evaluates the value of c and executes the corresponding code block.
   • The break statement is used to exit the switch statement after executing a code block.

6. Switch Expression (Preview Feature):

   • The code snippet starting with int x = switch (c) demonstrates the switch expression feature introduced in Java 12, which allows you to assign the result of a switch statement to a variable.
   • The yield keyword is used to return the result of the switch expression.

7. Switch Expression with Labels (Preview Feature):

   • The code snippet starting with int y = switch (c) shows the use of switch expression with labels, where multiple cases can be combined on a single line using the -> arrow operator.
   • It also demonstrates the use of a block for multiple statements in the default case.

if (s.equals("Hello World")) {
    foo();
} else if (s.equals("Bye World"))
    bar(); // braces optional for one-liners
else {
    deusEx();
}

if (obj != null && obj.foo()) {
   aMethod();
}

if (obj != null & obj.foo()) {
   aMethod();
}

s.equals("Hello World") ? foo() : bar();

Object newValue = s.equals("Hello World") ? a : b;

switch (c) {
    case 'a':
        foo();
        break;
    case 'b':
        bar();
    default:
        foobar();
}

if (c == 'a') {
   foo();
} else if (c == 'b') {
   bar();
   foobar();
} else {
   foobar();
}

int x = switch (c) {
    case 'a':
        foo();
        yield 1;
    case 'b':
        bar();
    default:
        foobar();
        yield 0;
}

int y = switch (c) {
    case '1', '2' -> 1 // multiple cases can be on one line
    default -> { // use a block for multiple statements
        foobar();
        yield 0;
    }
}