How to resolve the algorithm Create an object at a given address step by step in the Wren programming language
Published on 12 May 2024 09:40 PM
How to resolve the algorithm Create an object at a given address step by step in the Wren programming language
Table of Contents
Problem Statement
In systems programing it is sometimes required to place language objects at specific memory locations, like I/O registers, hardware interrupt vectors etc.
Show how language objects can be allocated at a specific machine addresses. Since most OSes prohibit access to the physical memory if it is not mapped by the application, as an example, rather than a physical address, take the address of some existing object (using suitable address operations if necessary).
For example:
Let's start with the solution:
Step by Step solution about How to resolve the algorithm Create an object at a given address step by step in the Wren programming language
Source code in the wren programming language
/* Create_an_object_at_a_given_address.wren */
import "./fmt" for Fmt
foreign class Integer {
construct new(i) {}
foreign value
foreign value=(i)
foreign address
}
var i = Integer.new(42)
Fmt.print("Integer object with value of: $d allocated at address $#x.", i.value, i.address)
i.value = 42
Fmt.print("Integer object value reset to: $d but still at address $#x.", i.value, i.address)
i.value = 43
Fmt.print("Integer object value changed to: $d but still at address $#x.", i.value, i.address)
/* gcc Create_an_object_at_a_given_address.c -o Create_an_object_at_a_given_address -lwren -lm */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "wren.h"
/* C <=> Wren interface functions */
void C_integerAllocate(WrenVM* vm) {
long *pi = (long *)wrenSetSlotNewForeign(vm, 0, 0, sizeof(long));
long i = (long)wrenGetSlotDouble(vm, 1);
*pi = i;
}
void C_value(WrenVM* vm) {
long i = *(long *)wrenGetSlotForeign(vm, 0);
wrenSetSlotDouble(vm, 0, (double)i);
}
void C_setValue(WrenVM* vm) {
long *pi = (long *)wrenGetSlotForeign(vm, 0);
long i = (long)wrenGetSlotDouble(vm, 1);
*pi = i;
}
void C_address(WrenVM* vm) {
long *pi = (long *)wrenGetSlotForeign(vm, 0);
wrenSetSlotDouble(vm, 0, (double)(unsigned long long)pi);
}
WrenForeignClassMethods bindForeignClass(WrenVM* vm, const char* module, const char* className) {
WrenForeignClassMethods methods;
methods.allocate = NULL;
methods.finalize = NULL;
if (strcmp(module, "main") == 0) {
if (strcmp(className, "Integer") == 0) {
methods.allocate = C_integerAllocate;
}
}
return methods;
}
WrenForeignMethodFn bindForeignMethod(
WrenVM* vm,
const char* module,
const char* className,
bool isStatic,
const char* signature) {
if (strcmp(module, "main") == 0) {
if (strcmp(className, "Integer") == 0) {
if (!isStatic && strcmp(signature, "value") == 0) return C_value;
if (!isStatic && strcmp(signature, "value=(_)") == 0) return C_setValue;
if (!isStatic && strcmp(signature, "address") == 0) return C_address;
}
}
return NULL;
}
static void writeFn(WrenVM* vm, const char* text) {
printf("%s", text);
}
void errorFn(WrenVM* vm, WrenErrorType errorType, const char* module, const int line, const char* msg) {
switch (errorType) {
case WREN_ERROR_COMPILE:
printf("[%s line %d] [Error] %s\n", module, line, msg);
break;
case WREN_ERROR_STACK_TRACE:
printf("[%s line %d] in %s\n", module, line, msg);
break;
case WREN_ERROR_RUNTIME:
printf("[Runtime Error] %s\n", msg);
break;
}
}
char *readFile(const char *fileName) {
FILE *f = fopen(fileName, "r");
fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);
long fsize = ftell(f);
rewind(f);
char *script = malloc(fsize + 1);
fread(script, 1, fsize, f);
fclose(f);
script[fsize] = 0;
return script;
}
static void loadModuleComplete(WrenVM* vm, const char* module, WrenLoadModuleResult result) {
if( result.source) free((void*)result.source);
}
WrenLoadModuleResult loadModule(WrenVM* vm, const char* name) {
WrenLoadModuleResult result = {0};
if (strcmp(name, "random") != 0 && strcmp(name, "meta") != 0) {
result.onComplete = loadModuleComplete;
char fullName[strlen(name) + 6];
strcpy(fullName, name);
strcat(fullName, ".wren");
result.source = readFile(fullName);
}
return result;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
WrenConfiguration config;
wrenInitConfiguration(&config);
config.writeFn = &writeFn;
config.errorFn = &errorFn;
config.bindForeignClassFn = &bindForeignClass;
config.bindForeignMethodFn = &bindForeignMethod;
config.loadModuleFn = &loadModule;
WrenVM* vm = wrenNewVM(&config);
const char* module = "main";
const char* fileName = "Create_an_object_at_a_given_address.wren";
char *script = readFile(fileName);
WrenInterpretResult result = wrenInterpret(vm, module, script);
switch (result) {
case WREN_RESULT_COMPILE_ERROR:
printf("Compile Error!\n");
break;
case WREN_RESULT_RUNTIME_ERROR:
printf("Runtime Error!\n");
break;
case WREN_RESULT_SUCCESS:
break;
}
wrenFreeVM(vm);
free(script);
return 0;
}
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