Step by Step solution about How to resolve the algorithm DNS query step by step in the Ruby programming language

The Ruby code snippet you provided uses the Addrinfo class from the socket standard library to retrieve information about the IP address of the host www.kame.net.

Breaking down the code:

1. require 'socket': This line imports the socket standard library, which provides classes and methods for network programming in Ruby.

2. Addrinfo.getaddrinfo("www.kame.net", nil, nil, :DGRAM): This line uses the getaddrinfo method of the Addrinfo class to retrieve information about the IP address of the specified host. The arguments to getaddrinfo are:

   • hostname: The domain name or IP address of the host to look up. In this case, it's "www.kame.net".
   • nil: This specifies that we don't care about the service (port number).
   • nil: This specifies that we don't care about the socket type.
   • :DGRAM: This argument specifies that we are interested in datagram sockets (UDP).

The getaddrinfo method returns an array of Addrinfo objects, each of which contains detailed information about the host and its associated addresses.

3. .map! { |ai| ai.ip_address }: This line iterates over the array of Addrinfo objects and for each one, it retrieves the IP address using the ip_address method and stores it in a new array.

The final result is an array of IP addresses associated with the host "www.kame.net".

irb(main):001:0> require 'socket'
=> true
irb(main):002:0> Addrinfo.getaddrinfo("www.kame.net", nil, nil, :DGRAM) \
irb(main):003:0*   .map! { |ai| ai.ip_address }
=> ["203.178.141.194", "2001:200:dff:fff1:216:3eff:feb1:44d7"]