Step by Step solution about How to resolve the algorithm Distributed programming step by step in the C# programming language

This code demonstrates distributed programming using TCP sockets in C#. It includes both a client and a server implementation. Let's break down the code step by step:

1. Classes and Methods:

   • The DistributedProgramming class contains two async methods: RunClient and RunServer. These methods will be used to start the client and server respectively.
   • The SampleData class is a simple data transfer object (DTO) that represents the data being sent between the client and server.

2. Constants:

   • const int Port = 555;: This is the port number used for communication.

3. RunClient Method:

   • This method represents the client side.
   • It starts by connecting to the server at localhost (the local computer) on port 555.
   • Next, it serializes (converts to a byte array) an instance of SampleData using Serialize and sends it to the server using await stream.WriteAsync.
   • Finally, it receives a response from the server (a string containing 'Thanks!') using await stream.ReadAsync and deserializes it using Deserialize.

4. RunServer Method:

   • This method represents the server side.
   • It starts by creating a TCP listener on port 555.
   • It waits for a client to connect using await listener.AcceptTcpClientAsync.
   • When a client connects, it receives the incoming data using await stream.ReadAsync and deserializes it into an instance of SampleData.
   • It then sends a response ('Thanks!') to the client using await stream.WriteAsync after serializing it.

5. Serialization:

   • Serialize and Deserialize methods are used to convert objects into byte arrays and back.
   • BinaryFormatter class is used for binary serialization and deserialization.

6. Main Method:

   • The Main method is the entry point of the program.
   • It expects a single command-line argument ("client" or "server") specifying the role the program should play.
   • Based on the argument, it calls either RunClient or RunServer to start the appropriate functionality.

When the program runs with the "client" argument, it starts a client that connects to the server and sends a SampleData object representing some loot with a specific latitude and longitude. The server responds with a "Thanks!" message to acknowledge receipt of the loot.

When the program runs with the "server" argument, it starts a server that listens for incoming client connections. When a client connects, the server receives the loot data, acknowledges it with a "Thanks!" message, and prints out the loot information.

In summary, this code demonstrates a simple client-server communication using TCP sockets, where the client sends loot information to the server, and the server responds with a thank-you message.

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

using static System.Console;

class DistributedProgramming
{
    const int Port = 555;

    async static Task RunClient()
    {
        WriteLine("Connecting");
        var client = new TcpClient();
        await client.ConnectAsync("localhost", Port);

        using (var stream = client.GetStream())
        {
            WriteLine("Sending loot");
            var data = Serialize(new SampleData());
            await stream.WriteAsync(data, 0, data.Length);

            WriteLine("Receiving thanks");
            var buffer = new byte[80000];
            var bytesRead = await stream.ReadAsync(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
            var thanks = (string)Deserialize(buffer, bytesRead);
            WriteLine(thanks);
        }

        client.Close();
    }

    async static Task RunServer()
    {
        WriteLine("Listening");
        var listener = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Any, Port);
        listener.Start();
        var client = await listener.AcceptTcpClientAsync();

        using (var stream = client.GetStream())
        {
            WriteLine("Receiving loot");
            var buffer = new byte[80000];
            var bytesRead = await stream.ReadAsync(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
            var data = (SampleData)Deserialize(buffer, bytesRead);
            WriteLine($"{data.Loot} at {data.Latitude}, {data.Longitude}");

            WriteLine("Sending thanks");
            var thanks = Serialize("Thanks!");
            await stream.WriteAsync(thanks, 0, thanks.Length);
        }

        client.Close();
        listener.Stop();
        Write("Press a key");
        ReadKey();
    }

    static byte[] Serialize(object data)
    {
        using (var mem = new MemoryStream())
        {
            new BinaryFormatter().Serialize(mem, data);
            return mem.ToArray();
        }
    }

    static object Deserialize(byte[] data, int length)
    {
        using (var mem = new MemoryStream(data, 0, length))
        {
            return new BinaryFormatter().Deserialize(mem);
        }
    }

    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        if (args.Length == 0) return;

        switch (args[0])
        {
            case "client": RunClient().Wait(); break;
            case "server": RunServer().Wait(); break;
        }
    }
}

[Serializable]
class SampleData
{
    public decimal Latitude = 44.33190m;
    public decimal Longitude = 114.84129m;
    public string Loot = "140 tonnes of jade";
}