Step by Step solution about How to resolve the algorithm Inheritance/Single step by step in the JavaScript programming language

Overview:

This JavaScript code defines classes and objects using prototypal inheritance to create a hierarchy of animals.

Prototypal Inheritance:

In JavaScript, objects can inherit properties and methods from other objects. This is known as prototypal inheritance. When creating a new object, you can specify a prototype object from which the new object will inherit its properties and methods.

Animal Class:

• The Animal function is a constructor function that defines the base animal class.
• It can be used to create animal objects, but it does not define any properties or methods for them.

Dog and Cat Classes:

• The Dog and Cat functions are constructor functions that define specific types of animals (dogs and cats).
• They do not define any properties or methods directly, but they set their prototype property to inherit from the Animal class.

Collie and Lab Classes:

• The Collie and Lab functions are constructor functions that define specific types of dogs (collies and labs).
• They inherit from the Dog class, so they automatically have access to all the properties and methods of dogs.

speak Method:

• The speak method is added to the Animal class prototype.
• This means that all objects created from the Animal class, including dogs and cats, will inherit the speak method.
• The speak method prints a message indicating the animal's sound.

Object Creation:

• A Lab object named lab is created.
• When lab.speak() is called, it calls the speak method inherited from the Animal prototype, resulting in the message, "an animal makes a sound."

function Animal() {
    // ...
}

function Dog() {
    // ...
}
Dog.prototype = new Animal();

function Cat() {
    // ...
}
Cat.prototype = new Animal();

function Collie() {
    // ...
}
Collie.prototype = new Dog();

function Lab() {
    // ...
}
Lab.prototype = new Dog();

Animal.prototype.speak = function() {print("an animal makes a sound")};

var lab = new Lab();
lab.speak();  // shows "an animal makes a sound"