Step by Step solution about How to resolve the algorithm Intersecting number wheels step by step in the C++ programming language

The provided C++ code consists of a series of functions, classes, and structs that define and manipulate wheels that rotate through a set of values. Lets break down the code step by step:

1. Wheel Struct:

   • Represents a wheel that rotates through a sequence of characters.
   • Has a private values vector to store the characters and an index variable to keep track of the current position.
   • Provides methods front() to return the current character and popFront() to advance to the next character.
   • Can be constructed with an initializer list.

2. NamedWheel Struct:

   • Maintains a map of named wheels, where each character is associated with a Wheel object.
   • Provides methods to access and manipulate the wheels by name.
   • front() method returns the current character of the named wheel and follows any chained rotations through other wheels.
   • popFront() method rotates the named wheel and any wheels it points to.

3. group1() Function:

   • Demonstrates a simple Wheel with three values ('1', '2', '3').
   • Outputs the values in sequence by repeatedly calling front() and popFront().

4. group2() Function:

   • Creates two Wheel objects: a with values ('1', 'B', '2') and b with values ('3', '4').
   • Creates a NamedWheel object and associates 'A' with a and 'B' with b.
   • Rotates the "A" wheel to demonstrate chained rotations.

5. group3() Function:

   • Creates two Wheel objects: a with values ('1', 'D', 'D') and d with values ('6', '7', '8').
   • Associates 'A' with a and 'D' with d in a NamedWheel object.
   • Rotates the "A" wheel to showcase multiple rotations through the same named wheel.

6. group4() Function:

   • Creates three Wheel objects: a, b, and c.
   • Associates 'A' with a, 'B' with b, and 'C' with c in a NamedWheel object.
   • Demonstrates rotations through multiple wheels with chained connections.

7. main() Function:

   • Calls the group1() to group4() functions to demonstrate the different use cases and features of the wheel structures.

In summary, this code explores the implementation of rotating wheels that can be chained together and controlled by names. It showcases wheel rotations and chained rotations through named wheels, and demonstrates various scenarios to illustrate their functionality. The code effectively combines data structures (vectors, maps) and object-oriented design to achieve this behavior.

#include <initializer_list>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <vector>

struct Wheel {
private:
    std::vector<char> values;
    size_t index;

public:
    Wheel() : index(0) {
        // empty
    }

    Wheel(std::initializer_list<char> data) : values(data), index(0) {
        //values.assign(data);
        if (values.size() < 1) {
            throw new std::runtime_error("Not enough elements");
        }
    }

    char front() {
        return values[index];
    }

    void popFront() {
        index = (index + 1) % values.size();
    }
};

struct NamedWheel {
private:
    std::map<char, Wheel> wheels;

public:
    void put(char c, Wheel w) {
        wheels[c] = w;
    }

    char front(char c) {
        char v = wheels[c].front();
        while ('A' <= v && v <= 'Z') {
            v = wheels[v].front();
        }
        return v;
    }

    void popFront(char c) {
        auto v = wheels[c].front();
        wheels[c].popFront();

        while ('A' <= v && v <= 'Z') {
            auto d = wheels[v].front();
            wheels[v].popFront();
            v = d;
        }
    }
};

void group1() {
    Wheel w({ '1', '2', '3' });
    for (size_t i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
        std::cout << ' ' << w.front();
        w.popFront();
    }
    std::cout << '\n';
}

void group2() {
    Wheel a({ '1', 'B', '2' });
    Wheel b({ '3', '4' });

    NamedWheel n;
    n.put('A', a);
    n.put('B', b);

    for (size_t i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
        std::cout << ' ' << n.front('A');
        n.popFront('A');
    }
    std::cout << '\n';
}

void group3() {
    Wheel a({ '1', 'D', 'D' });
    Wheel d({ '6', '7', '8' });

    NamedWheel n;
    n.put('A', a);
    n.put('D', d);

    for (size_t i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
        std::cout << ' ' << n.front('A');
        n.popFront('A');
    }
    std::cout << '\n';
}

void group4() {
    Wheel a({ '1', 'B', 'C' });
    Wheel b({ '3', '4' });
    Wheel c({ '5', 'B' });

    NamedWheel n;
    n.put('A', a);
    n.put('B', b);
    n.put('C', c);

    for (size_t i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
        std::cout << ' ' << n.front('A');
        n.popFront('A');
    }
    std::cout << '\n';
}

int main() {
    group1();
    group2();
    group3();
    group4();

    return 0;
}