Step by Step solution about How to resolve the algorithm Langton's ant step by step in the Python programming language

This code simulates the behaviour of an ant in a two-dimensional grid. The ant starts at the center of the grid and moves in one of the four cardinal directions: up, right, down, or left. At each step, the ant changes the color of the cell it is on from white to black or vice versa, and then turns either right or left according to the color of the cell it is on. If the cell is white, the ant turns right; if it is black, the ant turns left.

The code defines two enumerations, Dir and Color, which represent the possible directions and colors, respectively. The invert_color function takes a grid, an x coordinate, and a y coordinate as input and changes the color of the cell at that coordinate from white to black or vice versa. The next_direction function takes a grid, an x coordinate, a y coordinate, and a direction as input and returns the next direction the ant will move in. The next_position function takes an x coordinate, a y coordinate, and a direction as input and returns the next position the ant will move to. The print_grid function takes a grid as input and prints it to the console.

The ant function takes a width, a height, and a maximum number of steps as input and simulates the behaviour of an ant in a grid of the given width and height for the given number of steps. The ant function initializes a grid of the given width and height with all cells set to white and starts the ant at the center of the grid. At each step, the ant changes the color of the cell it is on, turns either right or left, and moves to the next cell in the grid. The print_grid function is called after each step to display the grid to the console.

The if __name__ == "__main__" block calls the ant function with a width of 75, a height of 52, and a maximum number of steps of 12000. This will simulate the behaviour of an ant in a grid of size 75x52 for 12000 steps and display the progression of the grid to the console.

"""Langton's ant implementation."""
from enum import Enum, IntEnum


class Dir(IntEnum):
    """Possible directions."""

    UP = 0
    RIGHT = 1
    DOWN = 2
    LEFT = 3


class Color(Enum):
    """Possible colors."""

    WHITE = " "
    BLACK = "#"


def invert_color(grid, x, y):
    """Invert the color of grid at x, y coordinate."""
    if grid[y][x] == Color.BLACK:
        grid[y][x] = Color.WHITE
    else:
        grid[y][x] = Color.BLACK


def next_direction(grid, x, y, direction):
    """Compute next direction according to current position and direction."""
    if grid[y][x] == Color.BLACK:
        turn_right = False
    else:
        turn_right = True
    direction_index = direction.value
    if turn_right:
        direction_index = (direction_index + 1) % 4
    else:
        direction_index = (direction_index - 1) % 4
    directions = [Dir.UP, Dir.RIGHT, Dir.DOWN, Dir.LEFT]
    direction = directions[direction_index]
    return direction


def next_position(x, y, direction):
    """Compute next position according to direction."""
    if direction == Dir.UP:
        y -= 1
    elif direction == Dir.RIGHT:
        x -= 1
    elif direction == Dir.DOWN:
        y += 1
    elif direction == Dir.LEFT:
        x += 1
    return x, y


def print_grid(grid):
    """Display grid."""
    print(80 * "#")
    print("\n".join("".join(v.value for v in row) for row in grid))


def ant(width, height, max_nb_steps):
    """Langton's ant."""
    grid = [[Color.WHITE] * width for _ in range(height)]
    x = width // 2
    y = height // 2
    direction = Dir.UP

    i = 0
    while i < max_nb_steps and 0 <= x < width and 0 <= y < height:
        invert_color(grid, x, y)
        direction = next_direction(grid, x, y, direction)
        x, y = next_position(x, y, direction)
        print_grid(grid)
        i += 1


if __name__ == "__main__":
    ant(width=75, height=52, max_nb_steps=12000)