How to resolve the algorithm Left factorials step by step in the Forth programming language
Published on 12 May 2024 09:40 PM
How to resolve the algorithm Left factorials step by step in the Forth programming language
Table of Contents
Problem Statement
Left factorials, !n, may refer to either subfactorials or to factorial sums; the same notation can be confusingly seen being used for the two different definitions. Sometimes, subfactorials (also known as derangements) may use any of the notations:
(It may not be visually obvious, but the last example uses an upside-down exclamation mark.)
This Rosetta Code task will be using this formula (factorial sums) for left factorial:
Display the left factorials for:
Display the length (in decimal digits) of the left factorials for:
Let's start with the solution:
Step by Step solution about How to resolve the algorithm Left factorials step by step in the Forth programming language
Source code in the forth programming language
36000 CONSTANT #DIGITS \ Enough for !10000
CREATE S #DIGITS ALLOT S #DIGITS ERASE VARIABLE S#
CREATE F #DIGITS ALLOT F #DIGITS ERASE VARIABLE F#
1 F C! 1 F# ! \ F = 1 = 0!
\ "Bignums": represented by two cells on the stack:
\ 1) An address pointing to the least-significant unit
\ 2) An integer size representing the number of character-size units
: mod/ /mod swap ;
: B+ ( addr u addr' u' -- u'') \ Add the second "bignum" into the first
over + >R -rot over + >R ( addr' addr R:end' R:end)
swap >R 0 over R> ( addr 0 addr addr' R:end' R:end)
\ 0: Assume second has equal or more digits, as in our problem
BEGIN over R@ < WHILE \ 1: add all digits from S
dup >R C@ swap dup >R C@ ( addr c a a' R:end' R:end R:addr'* R:addr*)
+ + 10 mod/ R@ C! R> 1+ R> 1+
REPEAT R> drop ( addr c addr* addr'* R:end')
BEGIN dup R@ < WHILE \ 2: add any remaining digits from F
dup >R C@ swap >R ( addr c a' R:end' R:addr'* R:addr*)
+ 10 mod/ R@ C! R> 1+ R> 1+
REPEAT R> drop drop ( addr c addr*)
BEGIN over WHILE \ 3: add any carry digits
>R 10 mod/ ( addr m d R:addr*) R@ C! R> 1+
REPEAT rot - nip ; \ calculate travel distance, discard 0 carry
: B* ( addr u u' -- u'') \ Multiply "bignum" inplace by U'
0 2swap over >R dup >R bounds ( u' 0 addr+u addr R:addr R:u)
DO ( u' c) over I C@ * + 10 mod/ I C! LOOP
nip R> BEGIN ( c u) over WHILE \ insert carry, may have multiple digits
>R 10 mod/ R@ swap R> R@ + ( m u d addr+u R:addr) C! 1+
REPEAT nip R> ( u'' addr) drop ;
: .B ( addr u) over + BEGIN 1- \ print bignum
dup C@ [char] 0 + EMIT over over >=
UNTIL drop drop ;
: .!n 0 <# #s [char] ! hold #> 6 over - spaces type space ;
: REPORT ( n)
dup 10 <= over dup 20 111 within swap 10 mod 0= and or
IF .!n [char] = emit space S S# @ .B cr
ELSE dup 1000 mod 0=
IF .!n ." has " S# @ . ." digits" cr
ELSE drop THEN
THEN ;
: GO 0 REPORT
1 BEGIN dup 10000 <=
WHILE
S S# @ F F# @ B+ S# !
dup REPORT
dup F F# @ rot B* F# !
1+ REPEAT drop ;
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