Step by Step solution about How to resolve the algorithm Long year step by step in the Kotlin programming language

The provided Kotlin code defines a function to check if a given year has 53 weeks and uses this function to find and print all "long years" (years with 53 weeks) in the 21st century. Here's a step-by-step explanation:

1. val has53Weeks = { year: Int -> LocalDate.of(year, 12, 28).get(WeekFields.ISO.weekOfYear()) == 53 }:

   • This line defines a lambda function named has53Weeks that takes a single parameter, year, which represents the year to check.
   • Inside the lambda, it uses the LocalDate class and the get function to retrieve the week of the year for a specific date.
   • The date used is LocalDate.of(year, 12, 28), which represents December 28th of the given year. This date is chosen because it is near the end of the year and allows for accurate week counting.
   • The get function uses WeekFields.ISO to retrieve the week of the year according to the ISO 8601 standard.
   • The lambda returns true if the week of the year is 53 for the given year and false otherwise.

2. (2000..2100).filter(has53Weeks):

   • This code generates a range of years from 2000 to 2100 (inclusive) using the range operator ...
   • The filter function is then applied to this range, passing in the has53Weeks lambda as an argument.
   • This filters the range, keeping only the years for which the lambda returns true, i.e., the years that have 53 weeks.

3. .forEach { year -> print("$year ") }:

   • The result of the filter operation is a list of years with 53 weeks.
   • This list is then passed to the forEach function, which iterates over each year.
   • Inside the forEach, each year is converted to a string using $year and printed to the console, separated by a space.

4. println("Long years this century:"):

   • This line simply prints a message "Long years this century:" before printing the list of long years.

The output of this code will be a list of years in the 21st century that have 53 weeks. For example:

Long years this century:
2004 2009 2015 2020 2026 2032 2037 2043 2048 2054 2060 2065 2071 2077 2082 2088 2093 2099 

fun main() {
    val has53Weeks = { year: Int -> LocalDate.of(year, 12, 28).get(WeekFields.ISO.weekOfYear()) == 53 }
    println("Long years this century:")
    (2000..2100).filter(has53Weeks)
        .forEach { year -> print("$year ")}
}