Step by Step solution about How to resolve the algorithm One of n lines in a file step by step in the Julia programming language

The provided Julia code is a simulation of the oneofn function, which randomly selects a number between 1 and n, inclusive, with each number being equally likely to be chosen. The simulation runs GOAL times and records the frequency of each number being chosen in the nhist array.

Here's a detailed explanation of the code:

1. Constants:

   • N: This constant is set to 10, which means the oneofn function will randomly select a number between 1 and 10.
   • GOAL: This constant is set to 10^6, which indicates the number of times the simulation will be run.

2. oneofn Function:

   • This function takes an integer n as input and randomly selects a number between 1 and n, inclusive.
   • It does this by repeatedly generating a random integer between 1 and n until the generated number is equal to 1.
   • If the generated number is not equal to 1, it continues to the next iteration of the loop.
   • Once a generated number is equal to 1, it returns the value of n.

3. nhist Array:

   • This array is initialized with zeros and has a size of N.
   • It will be used to store the frequency of each number being chosen by the oneofn function.

4. Simulation Loop:

   • The simulation loop runs GOAL times.
   • In each iteration, it calls the oneofn function with N as the argument and stores the returned value in the corresponding index of the nhist array.

5. Printing Results:

   • After the simulation is complete, the code prints the results, showing the number of times each number from 1 to N was chosen by the oneofn function.

In summary, this code simulates the oneofn function, which randomly selects a number between 1 and N with equal probability, and records the frequency of each number being chosen over multiple iterations.

const N = 10
const GOAL = 10^6

function oneofn{T<:Integer}(n::T)
    0 < n || error("n = ", n, ", but it should be positive.")
    oon = 1
    for i in 2:n
        rand(1:i) == 1 || continue
        oon = i
    end
    return oon
end

nhist = zeros(Int, N)
for i in 1:GOAL
    nhist[oneofn(N)] += 1
end

println("Simulating oneofn(", N, ") ", GOAL, " times:")
for i in 1:N
    println(@sprintf "   %2d => %6d" i nhist[i])
end