Step by Step solution about How to resolve the algorithm Priority queue step by step in the Go programming language

The code provided shows how to implement a priority queue in Go, using the container/heap package from the standard library. A priority queue is a data structure that allows efficient insertion and removal of elements, where each element has a priority associated with it. When an element is removed from the queue, the element with the highest priority is always returned. This code starts by defining a Task struct, which contains a priority (an integer) and a name (a string). It then defines a TaskPQ type, which is a slice of Task structs that implements the heap.Interface interface. The TaskPQ type implements the Len, Less, Swap, Push, and Pop methods, which are required by the heap.Interface interface. The Len method returns the length of the slice, the Less method compares the priorities of two tasks and returns true if the first task has a lower priority than the second task, the Swap method swaps two tasks in the slice, the Push method adds a task to the slice, and the Pop method removes and returns the task with the highest priority from the slice. The main function creates a TaskPQ with four tasks, and then uses the heap.Init function to initialize the priority queue. The heap.Init function sorts the slice of tasks in ascending order of priority, so that the task with the highest priority is at the beginning of the slice. The main function then uses the heap.Push function to add a fifth task to the priority queue. The for loop iterates over the priority queue, using the heap.Pop function to remove and return the task with the highest priority. The fmt.Println function is used to print the task that was removed from the queue.

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "container/heap"
)

type Task struct {
    priority int
    name     string
}

type TaskPQ []Task

func (self TaskPQ) Len() int { return len(self) }
func (self TaskPQ) Less(i, j int) bool {
    return self[i].priority < self[j].priority
}
func (self TaskPQ) Swap(i, j int) { self[i], self[j] = self[j], self[i] }
func (self *TaskPQ) Push(x interface{}) { *self = append(*self, x.(Task)) }
func (self *TaskPQ) Pop() (popped interface{}) {
    popped = (*self)[len(*self)-1]
    *self = (*self)[:len(*self)-1]
    return
}

func main() {
    pq := &TaskPQ{{3, "Clear drains"},
        {4, "Feed cat"},
        {5, "Make tea"},
        {1, "Solve RC tasks"}}

    // heapify
    heap.Init(pq)

    // enqueue
    heap.Push(pq, Task{2, "Tax return"})

    for pq.Len() != 0 { 
        // dequeue
        fmt.Println(heap.Pop(pq))
    }
}