Problem Statement

A priority queue is somewhat similar to a queue, with an important distinction: each item is added to a priority queue with a priority level, and will be later removed from the queue with the highest priority element first. That is, the items are (conceptually) stored in the queue in priority order instead of in insertion order.

Create a priority queue.   The queue must support at least two operations:

Optionally, other operations may be defined, such as peeking (find what current top priority/top element is), merging (combining two priority queues into one), etc.

To test your implementation, insert a number of elements into the queue, each with some random priority. Then dequeue them sequentially; now the elements should be sorted by priority. You can use the following task/priority items as input data:

The implementation should try to be efficient.   A typical implementation has   O(log n)   insertion and extraction time,   where   n   is the number of items in the queue.
You may choose to impose certain limits such as small range of allowed priority levels, limited capacity, etc.   If so, discuss the reasons behind it.

Let's start with the solution:

import groovy.transform.Canonical

@Canonical
class Task implements Comparable<Task> {
    int priority
    String name
    int compareTo(Task o) { priority <=> o?.priority }
}

new PriorityQueue<Task>().with {
    add new Task(priority: 3, name: 'Clear drains')
    add new Task(priority: 4, name: 'Feed cat')
    add new Task(priority: 5, name: 'Make tea')
    add new Task(priority: 1, name: 'Solve RC tasks')
    add new Task(priority: 2, name: 'Tax return')

    while (!empty) { println remove() }
}