Step by Step solution about How to resolve the algorithm Scope modifiers step by step in the Java programming language

The provided code snippet demonstrates the concept of access modifiers in the Java programming language. Access modifiers are keywords that control the accessibility of classes, methods, and fields.

There are four main access modifiers in Java:

1. public: The most accessible modifier, it allows access to the member by any class, regardless of the package it belongs to.
2. protected: The second most accessible modifier, it allows access to the member by classes in the same package and by subclasses in other packages.
3. default (no modifier): This modifier, often referred to as "friendly," allows access to the member by classes within the same package but not by classes in other packages.
4. private: The least accessible modifier, it allows access to the member only within the same class.

Within a method, parameters are accessible throughout the method's scope. Other declarations follow lexical scoping, meaning they are in the scope of the innermost set of braces ({...}) containing them. You can also create local scopes by surrounding blocks of code with braces.

In the example code, there is a method called function that takes an integer parameter x. Inside the method, there are two local variables declared: y and z. The variable x is accessible throughout the method, while y is accessible within the entire method except the nested block. The variable z is only accessible within the nested block.

Here's a summary of access modifiers and their accessibility:

This code snippet is a useful demonstration of how access modifiers work in Java and how they can be used to control the visibility of members in a class.

public //any class may access this member directly

protected //only this class, subclasses of this class,
//and classes in the same package may access this member directly

private //only this class may access this member directly

static //for use with other modifiers
//limits this member to one reference for the entire JVM

//adding no modifier (sometimes called "friendly") allows access to the member by classes in the same package

// Modifier    | Class | Package | Subclass | World
// ------------|-------|---------|----------|-------
// public      |  Y    |    Y    |    Y     |   Y
// protected   |  Y    |    Y    |    Y     |   N
// no modifier |  Y    |    Y    |    N     |   N
// private     |  Y    |    N    |    N     |   N

//method parameters are available inside the entire method

//Other declarations follow lexical scoping,
//being in the scope of the innermost set of braces ({}) to them.
//You may also create local scopes by surrounding blocks of code with braces.

public void function(int x){
   //can use x here
   int y;
   //can use x and y here
   {
      int z;
      //can use x, y, and z here
   }
   //can use x and y here, but NOT z
}