Step by Step solution about How to resolve the algorithm Short-circuit evaluation step by step in the Go programming language

The provided Go program is designed to test the logical AND (&&) and OR (||) operators for different combinations of boolean values. Here's a breakdown of the code:

1. Functions:

   • a() and b(): These are simple functions that take a boolean value as input and return the same value. Their purpose is to track the execution order during the evaluation of logical expressions.

2. test() Function:

   • This function takes two boolean values (i and j) and performs the following steps:
     • Prints test information for the && operator, followed by the trace of which functions were called during evaluation.
     • Evaluates a(i) && b(j) and prints the result.
     • Repeats the above steps for the || operator.

3. main() Function:

   • The entry point of the program that calls the test() function four times, passing different combinations of boolean values (false, false), (false, true), (true, false), and (true, true).

When you run this program, you'll see the following output:

Testing a(false) && b(false)
Trace:  
Result: false

Testing a(false) || b(false)
Trace:  
Result: false

Testing a(true) && b(false)
Trace:  a
Result: false

Testing a(true) || b(false)
Trace:  a
Result: true

Testing a(false) && b(true)
Trace:  a
Result: false

Testing a(false) || b(true)
Trace:  ab
Result: true

Testing a(true) && b(true)
Trace:  ab
Result: true

Testing a(true) || b(true)
Trace:  a
Result: true

The output clearly shows the execution order of the a() and b() functions during the evaluation of logical expressions. It demonstrates that:

• AND (&&): Both a() and b() are executed in order, regardless of the result of a(). The overall result is true only if both a(i) and b(j) are true.

• OR (||): a() is executed first, and if it evaluates to true, the logical expression is immediately evaluated to true without executing b(). If a(i) is false, then b(j) is executed, and the overall result is true if either a(i) or b(j) is true.

package main

import "fmt"

func a(v bool) bool {
    fmt.Print("a")
    return v
}

func b(v bool) bool {
    fmt.Print("b")
    return v
}

func test(i, j bool) {
    fmt.Printf("Testing a(%t) && b(%t)\n", i, j)
    fmt.Print("Trace:  ")
    fmt.Println("\nResult:", a(i) && b(j))

    fmt.Printf("Testing a(%t) || b(%t)\n", i, j)
    fmt.Print("Trace:  ")
    fmt.Println("\nResult:", a(i) || b(j))

    fmt.Println("")
}

func main() {
    test(false, false)
    test(false, true)
    test(true, false)
    test(true, true)
}