Step by Step solution about How to resolve the algorithm Sorting algorithms/Bogosort step by step in the C++ programming language

The provided C++ code defines a sorting algorithm called "bogo sort," a humorous and inefficient method for sorting a sequence of elements. Here's a detailed explanation of the code:

1. Header Includes: The code includes several header files:

• <algorithm>: Provides various sorting algorithms and related functions.
• <iostream>: For input and output operations.
• <iterator>: For working with iterators, which are used to traverse containers.
• <random>: Provides random number generation capabilities.

2. Function Template bogo_sort: This function is defined as a template that takes three parameters:

• RandomAccessIterator begin: An iterator to the beginning of the range to be sorted.
• RandomAccessIterator end: An iterator to the end of the range to be sorted.
• Predicate p (optional): A predicate (a function that returns a boolean) used to compare elements and determine the sorting order. If not provided, it defaults to < for ascending order.

3. Body of bogo_sort Function:

• It starts by creating a random number generator generator using the Mersenne Twister engine and the system's random device rd as a seed.
• The while loop continues until the elements in the range are sorted:
  • std::is_sorted(begin, end, p) checks if the elements are sorted based on the provided predicate p.
  • If not sorted, std::shuffle(begin, end, generator) is called to randomly shuffle the elements in the range.

4. Function Overload: There is an overloaded version of the bogo_sort function that takes only two iterators begin and end. It uses the default predicate std::less for sorting in ascending order.

5. main Function:

• It declares an array a of integers.
• Calls bogo_sort to sort the array a in ascending order using the default predicate.
• Uses std::copy to print the sorted elements to the console.

The key aspect of the bogo sort algorithm is the random shuffling of elements. It repeatedly shuffles the elements until they happen to be in the correct order. This approach is humorous because it relies on chance rather than any efficient sorting technique. In practice, bogo sort should not be used for sorting large datasets due to its incredibly inefficient nature.

#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <random>

template <typename RandomAccessIterator, typename Predicate>
void bogo_sort(RandomAccessIterator begin, RandomAccessIterator end,
               Predicate p) {
  std::random_device rd;
  std::mt19937 generator(rd());
  while (!std::is_sorted(begin, end, p)) {
    std::shuffle(begin, end, generator);
  }
}

template <typename RandomAccessIterator>
void bogo_sort(RandomAccessIterator begin, RandomAccessIterator end) {
  bogo_sort(
      begin, end,
      std::less<
          typename std::iterator_traits<RandomAccessIterator>::value_type>());
}

int main() {
  int a[] = {100, 2, 56, 200, -52, 3, 99, 33, 177, -199};
  bogo_sort(std::begin(a), std::end(a));
  copy(std::begin(a), std::end(a), std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, " "));
  std::cout << "\n";
}