Step by Step solution about How to resolve the algorithm Statistics/Basic step by step in the Ruby programming language

The Ruby code snippet you provided is a function that generates statistics for a given number of random numbers.

The function takes one argument, n, which is the number of random numbers to generate.

The function initializes three variables:

• sum to 0.0,
• sum2 to 0.0,
• and hist to an array of 10 zeros.

The function then iterates n times, generating a random number r each time.

The function adds r to sum and r**2 to sum2.

The function also increments the element of hist corresponding to the index (10*r).to_i.

After the loop, the function calculates the mean and standard deviation of the generated numbers.

The mean is calculated as sum / n.

The standard deviation is calculated as Math::sqrt((sum2 / n) - mean**2).

The function then prints the size, mean, and standard deviation of the generated numbers.

The function also prints a histogram of the generated numbers.

The histogram shows the number of times each value of (10*r).to_i occurred.

The function prints the histogram using the each_with_index method of the Array class.

The each_with_index method iterates over the elements of an array and passes both the element and the index of the element to a block of code.

In this case, the block of code calculates the percentage of times the element occurred and prints a string of equal signs that is 70 times the percentage of times the element occurred.

The function prints the histogram using the puts method of the IO class.

The puts method prints a string to the standard output.

The function calls the generate_statistics function with each of the numbers 100, 1000, and 10000 as arguments.

def generate_statistics(n)
  sum = sum2 = 0.0
  hist = Array.new(10, 0)
  n.times do
    r = rand
    sum += r
    sum2 += r**2
    hist[(10*r).to_i] += 1
  end
  mean = sum / n
  stddev = Math::sqrt((sum2 / n) - mean**2)
  
  puts "size: #{n}"
  puts "mean:   #{mean}"
  puts "stddev: #{stddev}"
  hist.each_with_index {|x,i| puts "%.1f:%s" % [0.1*i, "=" * (70*x/hist.max)]}
  puts
end

[100, 1000, 10000].each {|n| generate_statistics n}