How to resolve the algorithm String comparison step by step in the ARM Assembly programming language

Published on 12 May 2024 09:40 PM

How to resolve the algorithm String comparison step by step in the ARM Assembly programming language

Table of Contents

Problem Statement

Demonstrate how to compare two strings from within the language and how to achieve a lexical comparison.

The task should demonstrate:

For example, you might demonstrate the difference between generic/polymorphic comparison and coercive/allomorphic comparison if your language supports such a distinction.

Here "generic/polymorphic" comparison means that the function or operator you're using doesn't always do string comparison, but bends the actual semantics of the comparison depending on the types one or both arguments; with such an operator, you achieve string comparison only if the arguments are sufficiently string-like in type or appearance.
In contrast, a "coercive/allomorphic" comparison function or operator has fixed string-comparison semantics regardless of the argument type;   instead of the operator bending, it's the arguments that are forced to bend instead and behave like strings if they can,   and the operator simply fails if the arguments cannot be viewed somehow as strings.   A language may have one or both of these kinds of operators;   see the Raku entry for an example of a language with both kinds of operators.

Let's start with the solution:

Step by Step solution about How to resolve the algorithm String comparison step by step in the ARM Assembly programming language

Source code in the arm programming language

/* ARM assembly Raspberry PI  */
/*  program comparString.s   */

/* Constantes    */
.equ STDOUT, 1     @ Linux output console
.equ EXIT,   1     @ Linux syscall
.equ WRITE,  4     @ Linux syscall
/* Initialized data */
.data
szMessStringEqu: .asciz "The strings are equals.\n"
szMessStringNotEqu: .asciz "The strings are not equals.\n"
szCarriageReturn:  .asciz "\n"

szString1:  .asciz "ABCDE"
szString2:  .asciz "ABCDE"
szString3:  .asciz "ABCFG"
szString4:   .asciz "ABC"
szString5:   .asciz "abcde"

/* UnInitialized data */
.bss 

/*  code section */
.text
.global main 
main:                /* entry of program  */
    push {fp,lr}    /* saves 2 registers */

    ldr r0,iAdrszString1
    ldr r1,iAdrszString2
    bl Comparaison

    ldr r0,iAdrszString1
    ldr r1,iAdrszString3
    bl Comparaison

    ldr r0,iAdrszString1
    ldr r1,iAdrszString4
    bl Comparaison
	
    @ case sensitive comparisons ABCDE et abcde
    ldr r0,iAdrszString1
    ldr r1,iAdrszString5
    bl Comparaison
	
    @ case insensitive comparisons  ABCDE et abcde
    ldr r0,iAdrszString1
    ldr r1,iAdrszString5
    bl comparStringsInsensitive
    cmp r0,#0
    bne 1f
    ldr r0,iAdrszMessStringEqu
    bl affichageMess
    b 2f
1:
    ldr r0,iAdrszMessStringNotEqu
    bl affichageMess
	
2:

100:   /* standard end of the program */
    mov r0, #0                  @ return code
    pop {fp,lr}                 @restaur 2 registers
    mov r7, #EXIT              @ request to exit program
    swi 0                       @ perform the system call
iAdrszString1: .int szString1
iAdrszString2: .int szString2
iAdrszString3: .int szString3
iAdrszString4: .int szString4
iAdrszString5: .int szString5
iAdrszMessStringEqu:  .int szMessStringEqu
iAdrszMessStringNotEqu:  .int szMessStringNotEqu
iAdrszCarriageReturn:  .int  szCarriageReturn
/*********************************************/
/* comparaison                               */
/*********************************************/
/* r0 contains address String 1           */
/* r1 contains address String 2         */
Comparaison: 
    push {fp,lr}    			/* save  registres */ 
    bl comparStrings
    cmp r0,#0
    bne 1f
    ldr r0,iAdrszMessStringEqu
    bl affichageMess
    b 2f
1:
    ldr r0,iAdrszMessStringNotEqu
    bl affichageMess
	
2:
    pop {fp,lr}    				/* restaur des  2 registres */ 
    bx lr	        			/* return  */
/******************************************************************/
/*     display text with size calculation                         */ 
/******************************************************************/
/* r0 contains the address of the message */
affichageMess:
    push {fp,lr}    			/* save  registres */ 
    push {r0,r1,r2,r7}    		/* save others registers */
    mov r2,#0   				/* counter length */
1:      	/* loop length calculation */
    ldrb r1,[r0,r2]  			/* read octet start position + index */
    cmp r1,#0       			/* if 0 its over */
    addne r2,r2,#1   			/* else add 1 in the length */
    bne 1b          			/* and loop */
                                /* so here r2 contains the length of the message */
    mov r1,r0        			/* address message in r1 */
    mov r0,#STDOUT      		/* code to write to the standard output Linux */
    mov r7, #WRITE             /* code call system "write" */
    swi #0                      /* call systeme */
    pop {r0,r1,r2,r7}     		/* restaur others registers */
    pop {fp,lr}    				/* restaur des  2 registres */ 
    bx lr	        			/* return  */
/************************************/	   
/* Strings case sensitive comparisons  */
/************************************/	  
/* r0 et r1 contains the address of strings */
/* return 0 in r0 if equals */
/* return -1 if string r0 < string r1 */
/* return 1  if string r0 > string r1 */
comparStrings:
    push {r1-r4}  /* save des registres */
    mov r2,#0   /* counter */
1:	
    ldrb r3,[r0,r2]   /* byte string 1 */
    ldrb r4,[r1,r2]   /* byte string 2 */
    cmp r3,r4
    movlt r0,#-1	 /* small */ 	
    movgt r0,#1	 /* greather */ 	
    bne 100f     /* not equals */
    cmp r3,#0   /* 0 end string */
    moveq r0,#0    /* equals */ 	
    beq 100f     /*  end string */
    add r2,r2,#1 /* else add 1 in counter */
    b 1b         /* and loop */
100:
    pop {r1-r4}
    bx lr   
	
/************************************/	   
/* Strings case insensitive comparisons    */
/************************************/	  
/* r0 et r1 contains the address of strings */
/* return 0 in r0 if equals */
/* return -1 if string r0 < string r1 */
/* return 1  if string r0 > string r1 */
comparStringsInsensitive:
    push {r1-r4}  /* save des registres */
    mov r2,#0   /* counter */

1:	
    ldrb r3,[r0,r2]   /* byte string 1 */
    ldrb r4,[r1,r2]   /* byte string 2 */
    @ majuscules --> minuscules  byte 1
    cmp r3,#65
    blt 2f
    cmp r3,#90
    bgt 2f
    add r3,#32
2:   	@ majuscules --> minuscules  byte 2
    cmp r4,#65
    blt 3f
    cmp r4,#90
    bgt 3f
    add r4,#32
3:	
    cmp r3,r4
    movlt r0,#-1	 /* small */ 	
    movgt r0,#1	 /* greather */ 	
    bne 100f     /* not equals */
    cmp r3,#0   /* 0 end string */
    moveq r0,#0    /* equal */ 	
    beq 100f     /* end strings */
    add r2,r2,#1 /* else add 1 in counter */
    b 1b         /* and loop */
100:
    pop {r1-r4}
    bx lr   	/* end procedure */

  

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