Step by Step solution about How to resolve the algorithm String length step by step in the Julia programming language

The provided Julia code demonstrates the differences between three functions: sizeof, length, and Unicode.graphemes. These functions are used to determine the size and length of strings, specifically in the context of Unicode characters.

1. sizeof Function:

   • The sizeof function returns the size of a string in bytes.

   • It works by calculating the number of bytes required to store the string in memory, including the bytes used for character encoding.

   • For example, in the first line of the code:

     sizeof("møøse") # 7

     The string "møøse" contains 5 characters, but when encoded in UTF-8 (the default encoding in Julia), each character requires 2 bytes to store. Therefore, the size of the string is 7 bytes.

2. length Function:

   • The length function returns the number of characters in a string.

   • It does not consider the size of the string in bytes or any special encoding.

   • For example, in the second line of the code:

     length("møøse") # 5

     The length of the string "møøse" is 5, regardless of the number of bytes required to store it.

3. Unicode.graphemes Function:

   • The Unicode.graphemes function returns a list of graphemes in a string.

   • A grapheme is the smallest unit of writing that represents a character in Unicode.

   • Unlike the length function, Unicode.graphemes takes into account combining characters and ligatures, which can affect the visual representation of a string.

   • For example, in the third line of the code:

     length(Unicode.graphemes("møøse")) # 5

     The string "møøse" contains 5 graphemes, even though it has 6 code points (Unicode values). This is because the "ø" character is represented by two code points, but it is considered a single grapheme.

sizeof("møøse") # 7
sizeof("𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢") # 28
sizeof("J̲o̲s̲é̲") # 13


length("møøse") # 5
length("𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢") # 7
length("J̲o̲s̲é̲") # 8


import Unicode
length(Unicode.graphemes("møøse")) # 5
length(Unicode.graphemes("𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢")) # 7
length(Unicode.graphemes("J̲o̲s̲é̲")) # 4