Problem Statement

URLs are strings with a simple syntax:

Parse a well-formed URL to retrieve the relevant information:   scheme, domain, path, ...

Note:   this task has nothing to do with URL encoding or URL decoding.

According to the standards, the characters: only need to be percent-encoded   (%)   in case of possible confusion. Also note that the path, query and fragment are case sensitive, even if the scheme and domain are not. The way the returned information is provided (set of variables, array, structured, record, object,...) is language-dependent and left to the programmer, but the code should be clear enough to reuse. Extra credit is given for clear error diagnostics.

According to T. Berners-Lee foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose     should parse into:

urn:example:animal:ferret:nose     should parse into:

other URLs that must be parsed include:

Let's start with the solution:

test_cases = [
  "foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose",
  "urn:example:animal:ferret:nose",
  "jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true",
  "ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt",
  "http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1",
  "ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two",
  "mailto:John.Doe@example.com",
  "news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix",
  "tel:+1-816-555-1212",
  "telnet://192.0.2.16:80/",
  "urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2",
  "ssh://alice@example.com",
  "https://bob:pass@example.com/place",
  "http://example.com/?a=1&b=2+2&c=3&c=4&d=%65%6e%63%6F%64%65%64"
]

Enum.each(test_cases, fn str ->
  IO.puts "\n#{str}"
  IO.inspect URI.parse(str)
end)