Step by Step solution about How to resolve the algorithm XML/Output step by step in the Kotlin programming language

Certainly! Here's a detailed explanation of the provided Kotlin code:

1. Importing Libraries:

   • import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory: This library provides classes to create and manipulate XML documents.
   • import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource: Used to create an input source for XML transformation.
   • import java.io.StringWriter: Used to write the transformed XML document to a string.
   • import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult: Used to write the transformed XML document to a stream.
   • import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory: Provides classes to create objects for transforming XML documents.

2. Main Function:

   • fun main(args: Array<String>): The entry point of the program.

3. Creating and Populating Data:

   • Two lists are created: names holds names, and remarks contains corresponding remarks.

4. XML Document Creation:

   • val dbFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(): Creates a new DocumentBuilderFactory.
   • val dBuilder = dbFactory.newDocumentBuilder(): Creates a new DocumentBuilder.
   • val doc = dBuilder.newDocument(): Creates an empty XML document.
   • val root = doc.createElement("CharacterRemarks"): Creates a root element named "CharacterRemarks".
   • doc.appendChild(root): Adds the root element to the document.

5. Creating Character Elements:

   • A loop is used to iterate over names and remarks.
   • For each iteration, a "Character" element is created with a name attribute set to the corresponding name from the names list.
   • A text node is created with the remark from the remarks list.
   • The text node is appended to the "Character" element.
   • The "Character" element is appended to the "CharacterRemarks" root element.

6. XML Transformation and Output:

   • val source = DOMSource(doc): Creates a DOMSource from the XML document.
   • val sw = StringWriter(): Creates a StringWriter to capture the transformed XML.
   • val result = StreamResult(sw): Creates a StreamResult to write the transformed XML to the StringWriter.
   • val tFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance(): Creates a new TransformerFactory.
   • tFactory.newTransformer(): Creates a new Transformer.
   • .apply { ... }: A lambda is used to configure the Transformer:
     • setOutputProperty("omit-xml-declaration", "yes"): Omits the XML declaration.
     • setOutputProperty("indent", "yes"): Enables indentation.
     • setOutputProperty("{http://xml.apache.org/xslt}indent-amount", "4"): Sets the indentation amount to four spaces.
   • transform(source, result): Transforms the DOMSource using the Transformer and writes the result to the StreamResult.
   • println(sw): Prints the transformed XML to the console.

7. Expected Output:

   • The output is an indented XML document with the following structure:

   <CharacterRemarks>
      <Character name="April">Bubbly: I'm > Tam and <= Emily</Character>
      <Character name="Tam O'Shanter">Burns: "When chapman billies leave the street ..."</Character>
      <Character name="Emily">Short &amp; shrift</Character>
   </CharacterRemarks>

This Kotlin program demonstrates how to create an XML document dynamically using the Java XML API. It shows how to create elements, add attributes, and transform the document into a formatted string output.

// version 1.1.3

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource
import java.io.StringWriter
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    val names = listOf("April", "Tam O'Shanter", "Emily")

    val remarks = listOf(
        "Bubbly: I'm > Tam and <= Emily",
        "Burns: \"When chapman billies leave the street ...\"",
        "Short & shrift"
    )

    val dbFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance()
    val dBuilder  = dbFactory.newDocumentBuilder()
    val doc = dBuilder.newDocument()
    val root = doc.createElement("CharacterRemarks") // create root node
    doc.appendChild(root)

    // now create Character elements
    for (i in 0 until names.size) {
        val character = doc.createElement("Character")
        character.setAttribute("name", names[i])
        val remark = doc.createTextNode(remarks[i])
        character.appendChild(remark)
        root.appendChild(character)
    }

    val source = DOMSource(doc)
    val sw = StringWriter()
    val result = StreamResult(sw)
    val tFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance()
    tFactory.newTransformer().apply {
        setOutputProperty("omit-xml-declaration", "yes")
        setOutputProperty("indent", "yes")
        setOutputProperty("{http://xml.apache.org/xslt}indent-amount", "4") 
        transform(source, result)
    }
    println(sw)            
}


<CharacterRemarks>
    <Character name="April">Bubbly: I'm &gt; Tam and &lt;= Emily</Character>
    <Character name="Tam O'Shanter">Burns: "When chapman billies leave the street ..."</Character>
    <Character name="Emily">Short &amp; shrift</Character>
</CharacterRemarks>