How to resolve the algorithm 15 puzzle game step by step in the C++ programming language

Published on 7 June 2024 03:52 AM
#cpp

How to resolve the algorithm 15 puzzle game step by step in the C++ programming language

Table of Contents

Problem Statement

Implement the Fifteen Puzzle Game.

The   15-puzzle   is also known as:

Let's start with the solution:

Step by Step solution about How to resolve the algorithm 15 puzzle game step by step in the C++ programming language

The provided code is a C++ implementation of the classic 15-puzzle game. The game is played on a 4x4 grid, with 15 numbered tiles and one empty space. The objective of the game is to slide the tiles around until they are arranged in numerical order, with the empty space in the bottom-right corner.

The code begins by including several standard libraries and defining a class called p15 that contains the game logic. The p15 class has several public and private member functions, which are described below:

  • play(): This function is the main entry point for the game. It initializes the game board, repeatedly prompts the user for moves, and checks for a win condition.
  • createBrd(): This function initializes the game board with the tiles arranged in a random order. It also sets the position of the empty space (x, y).
  • move(int d): This function moves the empty space in the specified direction (d), by moving the tile to the left, right, up, or down.
  • getCandidates(std::vector<int>& v): This function gets a list of possible moves for the empty space based on its current position.
  • drawBrd(): This function draws the game board to the console.
  • getMove(): This function prompts the user for a move and checks if it is valid.
  • getTiles(std::vector<int>& p, std::vector<int>& v): This function gets a list of tiles that can be moved into the empty space based on the given list of possible moves (v).
  • isDone(): This function checks if the game has been won by checking if all the tiles are in the correct order.

In the main function, the game is initialized and the play() function is called to start the game. The game runs until the user wins or quits.

Source code in the cpp programming language

#include <time.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
class p15 {
public :
    void play() {
        bool p = true;
        std::string a;
        while( p ) {
            createBrd();
            while( !isDone() ) { drawBrd();getMove(); }
            drawBrd();
            std::cout << "\n\nCongratulations!\nPlay again (Y/N)?";
            std::cin >> a; if( a != "Y" && a != "y" ) break;
        }
    }
private:
    void createBrd() {
        int i = 1; std::vector<int> v;
        for( ; i < 16; i++ ) { brd[i - 1] = i; }
        brd[15] = 0; x = y = 3;
        for( i = 0; i < 1000; i++ ) {
            getCandidates( v );
            move( v[rand() % v.size()] );
            v.clear();
        }
    }
    void move( int d ) {
        int t = x + y * 4;
        switch( d ) {
            case 1: y--; break;
            case 2: x++; break;
            case 4: y++; break;
            case 8: x--;
        }
        brd[t] = brd[x + y * 4];
        brd[x + y * 4] = 0;
    }
    void getCandidates( std::vector<int>& v ) {
        if( x < 3 ) v.push_back( 2 ); if( x > 0 ) v.push_back( 8 );
        if( y < 3 ) v.push_back( 4 ); if( y > 0 ) v.push_back( 1 );
    }
    void drawBrd() {
        int r; std::cout << "\n\n";
        for( int y = 0; y < 4; y++ ) {
            std::cout << "+----+----+----+----+\n";
            for( int x = 0; x < 4; x++ ) {
                r = brd[x + y * 4];
                std::cout << "| ";
                if( r < 10 ) std::cout << " ";
                if( !r ) std::cout << "  ";
                else std::cout << r << " ";
            }
            std::cout << "|\n";
        }
        std::cout << "+----+----+----+----+\n";
    }
    void getMove() {
        std::vector<int> v; getCandidates( v );
        std::vector<int> p; getTiles( p, v ); unsigned int i;
        while( true ) {
            std::cout << "\nPossible moves: ";
            for( i = 0; i < p.size(); i++ ) std::cout << p[i] << " ";
            int z; std::cin >> z;
            for( i = 0; i < p.size(); i++ )
                if( z == p[i] ) { move( v[i] ); return; }
        }
    }
    void getTiles( std::vector<int>& p, std::vector<int>& v ) {
        for( unsigned int t = 0; t < v.size(); t++ ) {
            int xx = x, yy = y;
            switch( v[t] ) {
                case 1: yy--; break;
                case 2: xx++; break;
                case 4: yy++; break;
                case 8: xx--;
            }
            p.push_back( brd[xx + yy * 4] );
        }
    }
    bool isDone() {
        for( int i = 0; i < 15; i++ ) {
            if( brd[i] != i + 1 ) return false;
        }
        return true;
    }
    int brd[16], x, y;
};
int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) {
    srand( ( unsigned )time( 0 ) );
    p15 p; p.play(); return 0;
}

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